Different leg veins: symptoms and treatment, causes and consequences

Varicose veins of the legs are a chronic change in blood flow as a result of the effect of mechanical, toxic, traumatic or other factor.

To better understand the nature of the pathological process, you must refer to anatomical information.

The lower limbs are delivered with two main ways:

• On arterial branchesSThey carry blood rich in oxygen, which simply provides cells with useful compounds.
• Through the veinsSLiquid tissue lowers carbon dioxide and unnecessary processing substances, the veins are included in the reverse movement of blood from the structures.

It should be noted that different types of blood vessels are not connected or reported, the systems are completely closed.

The blood through the veins moves strictly in one direction.The muscle layer in these structures is quite weak, all the work falls on special valves.They are like barriers, doors that do not pass the liquid tissue in the opposite direction from the applied.

Against the background of increased venous pressure, injuries, damage and other factors, the valves weaken.The blood moves back, the load on the walls of the blood vessels increases.Vienna is worn many times faster.

In the mechanical effect, the recruitment structures change their properties and sizes.Varicose itself begins.

This disease is characterized by deformation of the blood vessels, a decrease in their functional activity, aneurysm -a similar convexity of the walls along the entire length.

Varicose is dangerous because over time leads to a vein break, blood clots, the death of local tissuesSTreatment should be started immediately, from the moment when a pathological process is detected.

The characteristic characteristic of the disorder is a relatively unclear progression.The main contingent of patients is men and women over 18 years of age.

Despite the relatively impeccable development, the disease behaves unpredictable.I never say in advance at what point the critical complications will develop.

A doctor who treats the disease is a phlebologist.

Development mechanism

The pathological process is based on heterogeneous factors, if they are summarized and composed of an approximate picture, the options will be as follows:

Mechanical influence

Increased physical activity on the veins of the legs.For example, it is found with intense sports.The most common options are the characteristics of professional activity (builders, teachers, chefs and others suffer), increased body weight as the load on the legs grows.

There is every chance of overcoming the pathological process on their own.The main thing is to eliminate the abnormal factor.

Traumatic lesions of surrounding tissues

Not the veins themselves, but the areas around.Bruises of soft structures, muscles, connections, partial and complete fractures.

There are two reasons for the development of varicose veins: compression of blood vessels with altered tissues, as well as uneven redistribution of the load on the lower limbs.

Interestingly, the culprits of varicose veins can also be diseases of the musculoskeletal system: arthritis and similarS

Leg compression

This applies to external influence.Blood flow disturbance often provokes patients with their own unreasonable action.

For example, wearing tight tights or socks is affected.Particularly similar are women who are ready to put for health in the pursuit of beauty.

When compression of the legs of the region, which lie under the place of compression, are stagnant.The intravenous-lymphatic outflow is significantly disturbed.This leads to rapidly progressive varicose veins.

There are cases where the pathological process begins later, years later than negative impact.

Hormonal Balance Disorders

Disorders of the production of thyroid substances, adrenal glands and pituitary gland are affected.

Change may affect other compounds: Hormones of the reproductive system, androgens, estrogens.They partially regulate the tone of large vessels, veins and arteries.

Genetic characteristics

Infused history, according to research, plays an almost major role in the development of the pathological processSThis is not a trigger, but a clear premise that increases the likelihood of several times.

Of course, the presence of a relative suffering from varicose veins is not a guarantee for the development of the pathological process, but the likelihood is significantly higher.

You need to adhere to the prevention rules in order to minimize the risks.

Hypovitaminosis

Normal work requires regeneration of veins, arteries, ascorbic acid.Also, Group B vitamins, E, D. There can be no normal recovery of blood vessels without them.They are worn quickly, losing their previous elasticity.

If the deficit condition lasts long enough, for several months, so that changes from the veins are not avoided.

The disease develops faster than usual, progression to a pronounced, dangerous stage takes only a few months, a maximum of several years.

Congenital abnormalities

As a rule, the views do not develop in isolation.Other deviations can be found.Therefore, the diagnosis is not from problems.

Natural conditions

Pregnancy, severe birth, characteristics of the hormonal background in adolescence or closer to old age.

There are other mechanisms that are less common.For example, intoxication, exposure to the body to radiation and others.The most common are baptized.

Varicose veins is a disease characterized by a deviation system: deformities of the veins, aneurysm formation, stars, thinning of the inner mucosa.The influence of a group of pathogenetic factors is possible.

Classification

The methods of the unit relate to the stage of the pathological process, its shape.For everything in order.

The technique accepted in medicine distinguishes three degrees of development of the disease:

• OffsetSSymptoms such as such are missing, the patient does not complain about health.The pathological process at the very beginning of its development.But there are already visible signs: varicose veins protrude through the thickness of the skin.For several years, the violation will go to a new stage.
• SubcompensionSThe clinical signs of varicose vessels are clearly expressed.Among them you can distinguish the pain, the severity of the legs, the feeling of running geese, weakness, convulsions at night.After a break, they come to nothing.Visible manifestations are also present.You can diagnose without problems.
• DecompensationSIn addition to the symptoms already mentioned, further: numbness of the legs, loss of sensitivity, ordinary skin rash, constant itching and burning areas of the lesion.

  There are real risks of tissue necrosis, thrombosis.The treatment is urgent, otherwise, not to transmit damage.

Standing

There is a generally accepted, international typing of the pathological process in stages (classes):

• 0. The visible symptoms of disorders are minimal.Patients talk about weight in the lower limbs.This phase can continue indefinitely.
• 1. The stars are formed on the surface of the legs, the veins widen and become clearly visible.The clinic is still the same.The maximum episodes of night seizures develop, which are interrupted as quickly and suddenly as they started.
• 2. The clinical signs are identical.With a visual assessment of the lower limbs, the doctor reveals visible changes in veins: they branch, protrude, form complex deformities.
• 3. From this stage the expressed edema begins.
• 4. Rash, itching of dermatitis.The skin above the surface of the lesion changes the shade to the dark, significantly compact and dries.It becomes thin because every mechanical effect causes painful, deep combs.
• 5. Small erosion occurs.
• 6. Full trophic ulcers develop.

It takes up to a few decades to complete the pathological process from stage 0 to 6.

Symptoms

The clinical picture depends on the phase of the disorder.If you submit an average list of manifestations, the list will be as follows:

• LegSEspecially after mechanical load, long -term working day.Walking, standing in one place becomes problematic.Over time, the symptom only intensifies, indicating the progression of the disorder and allows you to suspect varicose veins at a very early stage.
• Physical activity intoleranceSAt first, the patient is not able to walk for a long time and then stand.If you start a disorder, it will only get worse.One will not be able to climb the stairs without long breaks, breaks.This is due to venous lymphatic stagnation in varicose veins.
• Pain from different intensitySThey are absent at the initial stage.Then, after a few months or years, the severity of manifestation increases.Dumb, uncomfortable sensations begin.

  They are enhanced after physical activity, with a sharp change in body position.Until the final stages of the disease, the symptom remains constantly in the patient, does not pass at all.

• Visual changes from the vesselsSThey look like abnormal branching, the formation of stars on the legs.These manifestations clearly show the beginning of varicose vessels.Therefore, the diagnosis over time becomes easier.All you have to do is clarify the location of changes and their degree.
• SwellingSThey begin gradually, approximately the second or third stage of the pathological process.First - until the end of the day.Pass after a night break.Then the changes in the volume are kept constant, they do not end at all.As a rule, the signs relate first to, and then the other leg.
• Spasms in the darkSDisruption of muscle tone, spasms, is one of the first signs of varicose veins, which is due to the slowdown of the venous lymphatic outflow, tissue trophies and cellular breathing.

  Spasms in the legsThey predominate at night, accompanied by very severe pain.The patient cannot stand on the affected leg during the day or even a few.Gradually, the frequency of spasms becomes only higher.


• Skin itchingSAlarm sign of varicose veins that characterize the gradual dystrophic disorders.There are still no ulcers at the initial stage of erosion.But it's a matter of time.
• Changing the shadow of the dermisSHyperpigmentation.The darkening of the surface of the skin.Closer to the last phase of the pathological process, the lower legs acquires a rich raspberry tinge.

  A characteristic symptom of varicose veins of the lower limbs is the seal of the skin above the lesion, which is associated with rough scars of the tissues below the surface of the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin.

• Rash formationSThus, varicose veins.This is a harbinger of the last stage of the pathological process.Small papules are very itching, they do not allow the patient to live normally.Complications are possible, secondary infection of the wound surfaces.
• Trophic ulcersSA clinical sign characterized by the formation of large erosion, foci of tissue decay.First - superficially, then fat.And there is no far from necrosis.Therefore, you cannot pull on treatment.

Symptoms of varicose veins are caused by impaired tissue trophies, venous-lymphatic disorders of the outflow, epidermal destruction and subcutaneous fat.

Clinical signs are slowly progressing as there is any chance of starting treatment in a timely manner.The patient's task is not to miss an important pointS

Profile specialists who need to contact - phlebologist, dermatologist, hematologist.

Reasons

Varicose develops as a result of a combination of factors or influence of one but very intense provocateur.

There are several options:

• Physical activity.Long walking, standing stationary.Usually such a moment is related to the characteristics of professional activity, lifestyle.
• Injuries.Fractures full or partial.Also bruising, soft tissue damage.
• Hypovitaminosis.The lack of substances in Group B, E, D, ascorbic acid.
• Genetic factors.Hereditary moments, burdened family history.The likelihood of a pathological process is increasing, but there is no guarantee that the disease will start.
• Myositis against the background of hypothermia, physical overload.
• Arthritis.Inflammation of the joints.
• Hormonal imbalance.Lack or excess thyroid joints, adrenal glands, pituitary gland.
• Phlebitis of the vessels of the legs.The cause of varicose veins in inflammation of the veins of infectious or non -testic nature.
• Vasculitis of the vessels of the lower limbs.Autoimmune lesions.
• Pregnancy.As the hormonal background changes the load on the legs, the whole musculoskeletal system is growing.
• A petel period.To about 17-20 years.
• Menopaus (andropause).KLIMAX.The gradual impairment of reproductive function.

The causes of varicose veins can be traumatic, inflammatory, degenerative, dystrophic.

Diagnostics

Flboologists participate in the exam.Only then, if necessary, are other specialists connected.Among the methods:

• Oral study.The doctor must understand what complaints the patient himself is making.
• Hang -up collection.The study of the probable origin of the problem.
• Visual assessment of the condition of the legs.It is possible to study the nature of the pathological process, its characteristics.
• Palpation.Physical technique.
• UZDG.Dopplerography of the vessels of the legs.Allows you to find anatomical changes from the lower limbs, abnormalities of blood flow.It is used as a basic methodology.It is possible to quickly diagnose and examine the degree of disorder.
• X -ray.If there is such a need.
• In particularly difficult cases, the doctor prescribes MRI.

The development of varicose veins of the legs is sufficient, a visually characteristic sign of the enlargement of the veins of the lower limbs, can be diagnosed on it.Next, it remains to determine the severity of the pathology.

Treatment

The therapy in the initial stages is conservative.Three correction approaches can be distinguished in total.

MedicationSIt includes systematic administration of drugs.Remedies are prescribed that stimulate microcirculation, blood flow, valves, protect the vessels from increasing tissues.

Among groups of funds:

• Vennik.
• Angioprotectors.
• Vitamins, antioxidants.

In addition, physiotherapy, exercise therapy, massage is prescribed actively, wearing compression is shown.

Conservative technique is used in the initial stages of the disease or for ancillary correction in the leading other method.

Minimally invasive approachSTreatment of varicose veins of the lower limbs involves the destruction of the affected vessels, using a special sclerosing medicine, liquid nitrogen.

The methodology of sclerotherapy or radio frequency ablation is used in pronounced, but not critical stages of the disease.

Surgical approachSTreatment of varicose veins of the legs requires the use of laser, electrical currents or direct cutting of the affected vessels - phlebectomy.

The doctor removes half the structure, the sewing ends healthy areas, forming anastomosis.Very soon the blood flow recovers.

There are several operational techniques.The choice remains with the doctor.

Forecast

The varicose veins of the legs are fully healed in the first three stagesthen there are risks of complications, irreversible changes in the tissues of the legs: ulcers, muscle atrophy and others.Although survival is still almost 100%.

Against the background of necrosis, general erosion, sepsis, the likelihood of death increases ten times.

Overall, the disease is well treated.

Prevention

Preventive measures are very simple, the main thing is strict to stick to them:

• Divides.Every hour or two, you need to lubricate.Especially with a sitting/standing lifestyle.
• Wearing comfortable shoes, socks, tights.Preferably of natural materials.
• Use of compression knitwear.
• Light physical activity.Swimming, running.The main thing is not to overwork.
• Proper nutrition.More vitaminized products.
• Optimal drinking mode.1.5-2 liters per day.

The lack of fluid has a negative effect, the blood thickens, moves worse through the vessels, the pressure in the venous network increases.

Consequences

Complications can be deadly.Among the options:

• Muscular dystrophy.
• Paresis.Partial loss of sensitivity
• The formation of ulcers with the likelihood of a secondary infection.
• Fabric necrosis.Gangrene.Especially with the defeat of deep veins.
• Bombosis of the vessels of the legs, thrombophlebitis.
• Sepsis.Blood poisoning.
• Damage.

The varicose veins of the lower limbs are a pathological change in the shape, structure, elasticity of the vessels of the legs (and not only) with the loss of muscle functions.

The disease develops slowly, but without quality treatment, the result will be deplorable.